本文简述Service的第二种启动方式,bindService。
bindService有四个方法控制:
onCreate()
在service被创建时调用onBind()
在service被绑定时调用onUnBind()
在service解绑时调用onDestroy()
在service终止时调用下面通过代码来分析:
MainActivity.java1
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92package com.example.ahtcfg24.bindservicedemo;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.Service;
import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.ServiceConnection;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
public static final String TAG = "ServiceConnect";
private Button button, button2, button3, button4;
private ServiceConnection serviceConnection;
private Intent intent;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
button = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button);
button2 = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button2);
button3 = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button3);
button4 = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button4);
button.setOnClickListener(new ButtonListener());
button2.setOnClickListener(new ButtonListener());
button3.setOnClickListener(new ButtonListener());
button4.setOnClickListener(new ButtonListener());
}
/**
* 如果在service绑定的Activity被结束之后,service却没有解绑就会导致后台出现异常
* 或者在连接中断后去解绑也会出现异常
* 这样做可保障不出现上述异常
*/
@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
unbindService(serviceConnection);
}
private class ButtonListener implements View.OnClickListener {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
intent = new Intent(MainActivity.this, MyService.class);
switch (v.getId()) {
case R.id.button:
startService(intent);
break;
case R.id.button2:
stopService(intent);
break;
case R.id.button3:
serviceConnection = new ServiceConnection() {
/**
* 该方法只在onBind方法有不为空的返回值时才会被调用
*
* @param name 与当前组件(Activity)绑定的Service名称
* @param service 从绑定的Service中的onBind方法中返回的IBender实例
*/
@Override
public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
System.out.println(name);
System.out.println(service);
Log.i(TAG, "--->onServiceConnected");
}
@Override
public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
Log.i(TAG, "--->onServiceDisconnected");
}
};
bindService(intent, serviceConnection, Service.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
//第三个参数是指定Service创建类型,一般是BIND_AUTO_CREATE
break;
case R.id.button4:
unbindService(serviceConnection);
break;
default:
break;
}
}
}
}
activity_main.xml1
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45<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
tools:context=".MainActivity">
<Button
android:id="@+id/button3"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_alignLeft="@+id/button4"
android:layout_alignStart="@+id/button4"
android:layout_below="@+id/button2"
android:text="绑定Serevice"/>
<Button
android:id="@+id/button4"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_below="@+id/button3"
android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"
android:text="解绑Service"/>
<Button
android:id="@+id/button"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_alignLeft="@+id/button4"
android:layout_alignParentTop="true"
android:layout_alignStart="@+id/button4"
android:text="启动service"/>
<Button
android:id="@+id/button2"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_below="@+id/button"
android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"
android:text="停止Service"/>
</RelativeLayout>
MyService.java1
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59package com.example.ahtcfg24.bindservicedemo;
import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Binder;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.util.Log;
public class MyService extends Service {
public static final String TAG = "MyService";
/**
* @param intent
* @return bind service时需要使得onBind方法返回一个IBinder类型的类,否则不会调用onServiceConnected,而Binder类恰好实现了IBinder接口
*/
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
Log.i(TAG, "--->onBind");
return new Binder() {
public String toString() {
return "这是个Binder对象";
}
};
}
@Override
public void onCreate() {
Log.i(TAG, "--->onCreate");
super.onCreate();
}
@Override
public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
Log.i(TAG, "--->onStartCommand");
return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId);
}
@Override
public void onDestroy() {
Log.i(TAG, "--->onDestroy");
super.onDestroy();
}
@Override
public boolean onUnbind(Intent intent) {
Log.i(TAG, "--->onUnbind");
return super.onUnbind(intent);
}
@Override
public void onStart(Intent intent, int startId) {
Log.i(TAG, "--->onStart");
super.onStart(intent, startId);
}
}
结果显而易见,就不再赘述,只给出结论:
- 当执行bindService()时,先执行OnCreate()来创建一个Service,然后执行onBind()方法来绑定,然后执行onServiceConnected,如果这个Service已经创建过了,那么就跳过onCreate()这一步,而直接取执行onBind()、onServiceConnected(),如果这个Service既创建过了又绑定过了,那么就只执行onServiceConnected()。
- 绑定之后才能执行unbindService(),否则会抛出异常。执行unbindService()时,就会执行onUnBind(),接着执行onDestroy()。另一方面,如果绑定了之后退出程序,那么也会自动调用onUnBind(),并且执行onDestroy()。
- 此外,如果绑定前或者绑定后调用了startService(),那么,解绑或者退出都不会执行onDestroy(),该服务会常驻后台直到被强制杀死)
- onServiceDisconnected()方法不会在解绑时调用,只有在服务异常中断时才会调用。
- 总而言之,startService()把服务放在可见的后台,生命周期与启动它的组件无关,BindService()把服务放在不可见的后台,生命周期与启动它的组件保持一致